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Work, wages and livelihood

Finland in Figures is an information package about Finland and Finns.

Population aged 15 to 74 by activity
Employment rate, %
Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry
Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship
Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age
Unemployment rate
Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes
Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector
Total earnings by employer sector
Total earnings by level of education and age
Total earnings by occupation
Income and taxes in state taxation
At-risk-of-poverty
Financial assets of households
Households' withdrawals of new housing loans
Household consumption expenditure
Commuting

Population aged 15 to 74 by activity

	2019	2020	2021	2022
Population aged 15 to 74, thousand	4 128	4 133	4 123	4 120
Labour force	2 717	2 704	2 766	2 809
Employed	2 533	2 495	2 555	2 619
Unemployed	184	209	212	190
Inactive population	1 411	1 429	1 357	1 310
Labour force rate, %	65,8	65,4	67,1	68,2
Unemployment rate, %	6,8	7,7	7,7	6,8
Males	7,3	8,1	8,2	7,1
Females	6,2	7,4	7,1	6,4
Employed by type of employment relationship, thousand
Full-time work	2 091	2 078	2 073	2 108
Part-time work	440	415	473	488
Employed by employer sector, thousand
Private¹⁾	1 885	1 866	1 914	1 957
Local government ²⁾	513	476	475	483
Central government ³⁾	131	146	148	159
Employed by status in employment, thousand
Employees	2 185	2 151	2 193	2 265
Self-employed persons and unpaid family workers	347	343	361	354
Annual hours actually worked per employee, hours/year
Total	1 590	1 572	1 557	1 536
Private sector¹⁾	1 612	1 583	1 570	1 557
Public sector ^{2) 3)}	1 537	1 546	1 526	1 479

¹⁾ The private sector comprises those whose employer is a company (including state majority-owned or municipality-owned companies), a private person, an enterprise, a foundation, a cooperative or an association, and those who are self-employed or own-account workers. Non-profit institutions, such as the church and parishes, are also included in the private sector.

²⁾ Municipalities and joint municipal authorities comprise the municipal administration, the municipal school system, as well as the unincorporated service institutions and establishments of municipalities and joint municipal authorities, such as health centres, hospitals, day-care centres and unincorporated enterprises of municipalities and joint municipal authorities.

³⁾ The central government sector includes state administration, universities, the Social Insurance Institution, unincorporated state enterprises and social security funds.

Industry TOL 2008	2019	2020	2021	2022
Industry TOL 2008	Thousand persons
Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying	106	100	107	102
Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management	349	357	351	366
Construction	196	194	189	184
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	287	272	291	290
Transportation and storage	148	139	135	136
Accommodation and food service activities	103	83	86	100
Information and communication	117	122	126	134
Financial, insurance and real estate activities	73	76	74	77
Professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities	295	304	315	333
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	106	111	117	122
Education	176	177	181	184
Human health and social work activities	413	402	410	415
Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities	157	150	157	157
Industry unknown	7	8	16	19
Total	2 533	2 495	2 555	2 619

Year	Total	Males	Females	Total
	Aged 15 to 74			Aged 15 to 24
	%	%	%	%
2010	8,6	9,4	7,7	22,0
2011	8,0	8,7	7,2	20,3
2012	7,9	8,6	7,1	19,5
2013	8,3	9,1	7,5	20,6
2014	8,7	9,6	7,8	20,5
2015	9,4	10,2	8,6	22,5
2016	8,9	9,4	8,4	20,5
2017	8,7	9,1	8,3	20,0
2018	7,5	7,7	7,2	17,3
2019	6,8	7,3	6,2	17,7
2020	7,7	8,1	7,4	21,0
2021	7,7	8,2	7,1	17,1
2022	6,8	7,1	6,4	14,2

Employer sector	Median of total earnings, €/month			Full-time employees
Employer sector	Total	Men	Women	Full-time employees
Private sector	3 400	3 660	3 061	1 016 984
Local government	3 022	3 408	2 959	365 399
Central government	3 947	4 261	3 535	70 617
Total	3 315	3 664	3 034	1 453 000

Category of occupation	Median of total earnings, €/month			Full-time employees
Category of occupation	Total	Men	Women	Full-time employees
Managers	6 963	7 519	5 947	53 808
Managing directors and chief executives	11 000	11 727	8 928	2 706
Professionals	4 246	4 626	3 956	414 269
Medical doctors	7 647	7 988	7 452	12 709
Primary school and early childhood teachers	3 149	3 742	3 080	42 678
Technicians and associate professionals	3 359	3 837	3 102	336 905
Nursing and midwifery associate professionals	3 192	3 487	3 160	55 441
Sales and purchasing agents and brokers	4 126	4 493	3 730	41 769
Clerical support workers	2 826	2 958	2 794	90 363
Numerical clerks	2 889	2 961	2 882	16 337
Service and sales workers	2 577	2 779	2 519	224 978
Shop salespersons	2 614	2 894	2 500	49 250
Child care workers and teachers' aides	2 313	2 238	2 317	35 025
Personal care workers in health services	2 769	2 829	2 763	72 307
Craft and related trades workers	3 155	3 200	2 738	114 195
Plant and machine operators, and assemblers	3 145	3 245	2 740	110 716
Heavy truck and bus drivers	3 166	3 179	2 955	27 709
Cleaners and helpers	2 132	2 098	2 135	38 258

Income bracket, €	Income recipients, thousand	Income subject to taxation, € million	Taxes och charges, € million
– 9 999	1 351	12 197	851
10 000–19 999	875	16 942	2 307
20 000–29 999	877	26 122	4 149
30 000–39 999	696	27 778	5 459
40 000–49 999	403	20 303	4 750
50 000–59 999	217	13 310	3 479
60 000–69 999	122	8 790	2 475
70 000–79 999	73	6 052	1 794
80 000–89 999	46	4 254	1 317
90 000–99 999	30	3 105	1 005
100 000–149 999	59	7 687	2 672
150 000–	34	12 801	4 719
Total	4 782	159 341	34 978

	1980	1990	2000	2010	2021*
	%
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels	18,6	18,3	24,5	25,8	30,0
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	21,3	16,3	12,6	12,1	12,2
Transport	14,4	14,5	13,2	12,3	10,8
Recreation and culture	10,2	11,2	11,3	11,9	9,1
Restaurants and hotels	6,4	7,7	6,4	6,3	5,3
Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance	6,1	5,4	4,8	5,3	5,1
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics	6,3	6,6	5,8	5,1	5,1
Health	2,1	2,9	3,8	4,4	5,1
Clothing and footwear	6,1	5,6	4,6	4,8	3,6
Communication	1,1	1,4	3,1	2,5	2,4
Education	0,2	0,3	0,5	0,4	0,4
Miscellaneous goods and services	7,2	9,8	9,4	9,1	10,9
Total	100	100	100	100	100

Year	Commuters to the area		Persons working in their municipality of residence
Year	Total	%	Total	%
1990	509 861	21,9	1 822 421	78,1
2000	610 938	27,4	1 617 619	72,6
2010	751 778	32,3	1 573 901	67,7
2011	771 068	32,7	1 583 354	67,3
2012	769 825	32,9	1 570 079	67,1
2013	760 460	33,0	1 541 291	67,0
2014	756 159	33,3	1 517 917	66,7
2015	758 240	33,6	1 498 219	66,4
2016	775 239	34,1	1 500 440	65,9
2017	805 269	34,6	1 522 461	65,4
2018	825 287	34,8	1 548 381	65,2
2019	825 109	34,8	1 548 417	65,2
2020	801 967	35,1	1 482 706	64,9
2021	847 509	35,7	1 529 617	64,3

Year	Employees		Permanent full-time work		Fixed-term work
	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
	Thousand persons		% of employees
2018	1 076	1 094	86,5	80,5	13,5	19,5
2019	1 085	1 100	86,9	81,4	13,1	18,6
2020	1 069	1 082	87,5	82,5	12,5	17,5
2021	1 085	1 109	86,0	80,7	14,0	19,3
2022	1 114	1 151	85,2	80,4	14,8	19,6

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