Work, wages and livelihood

Finland in Figures is an information package about Finland and Finns. 

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Population aged 15 to 74 by activity

  2019 2020 2021 2022
Population aged 15 to 74, thousand 4 128 4 133 4 123 4 120
Labour force 2 717 2 704 2 766 2 809
Employed 2 533 2 495 2 555 2 619
Unemployed 184 209 212 190
Inactive population 1 411 1 429 1 357 1 310
Labour force rate, % 65,8 65,4 67,1 68,2
Unemployment rate, % 6,8 7,7 7,7 6,8
Males 7,3 8,1 8,2 7,1
Females 6,2 7,4 7,1 6,4
Employed by type of employment relationship, thousand
Full-time work 2 091 2 078 2 073 2 108
Part-time work 440 415 473 488
Employed by employer sector, thousand
Private 1) 1 885 1 866 1 914 1 957
Local government 2) 513 476 475 483
Central government 3) 131 146 148 159
Employed by status in employment, thousand
Employees 2 185 2 151 2 193 2 265
Self-employed persons and unpaid family workers 347 343 361 354
Annual hours actually worked per employee, hours/year
Total 1 590 1 572 1 557 1 536
Private sector 1) 1 612 1 583 1 570 1 557
Public sector 2) 3) 1 537 1 546 1 526 1 479

1) The private sector comprises those whose employer is a company (including state majority-owned or municipality-owned companies), a private person, an enterprise, a foundation, a cooperative or an association, and those who are self-employed or own-account workers. Non-profit institutions, such as the church and parishes, are also included in the private sector.

2) Municipalities and joint municipal authorities comprise the municipal administration, the municipal school system, as well as the unincorporated service institutions and establishments of municipalities and joint municipal authorities, such as health centres, hospitals, day-care centres and unincorporated enterprises of municipalities and joint municipal authorities.

3) The central government sector includes state administration, universities, the Social Insurance Institution, unincorporated state enterprises and social security funds.

Employment rate, %

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Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry

Industry TOL 2008 2019 2020 2021 2022
Thousand persons
Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying  106 100 107 102
Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management 349 357 351 366
Construction 196 194 189 184
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 287 272 291 290
Transportation and storage 148 139 135 136
Accommodation and food service activities 103 83 86 100
Information and communication 117 122 126 134
Financial, insurance and real estate activities 73 76 74 77
Professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities 295 304 315 333
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 106 111 117 122
Education 176 177 181 184
Human health and social work activities 413 402 410 415
Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities 157 150 157 157
Industry unknown 7 8 16 19
Total 2 533 2 495 2 555 2 619

Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship and gender

Year Employees Permanent full-time work Fixed-term work
Males Females Males Females Males Females
Thousand persons % of employees
2018

1 076

1 094 86,5 80,5 13,5 19,5
2019 1 085 1 100 86,9 81,4 13,1 18,6
2020 1 069 1 082 87,5 82,5 12,5 17,5
2021 1 085 1 109 86,0 80,7 14,0 19,3
2022 1 114 1 151 85,2 80,4 14,8 19,6

Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age

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Unemployment rate

Year Total Males Females Total
Aged 15 to 74 Aged 15 to 24 
% % % %
2010 8,6 9,4 7,7 22,0
2011 8,0 8,7 7,2 20,3
2012 7,9 8,6 7,1 19,5
2013 8,3 9,1 7,5 20,6
2014 8,7 9,6 7,8 20,5
2015 9,4 10,2 8,6 22,5
2016 8,9 9,4 8,4 20,5
2017 8,7 9,1 8,3 20,0
2018 7,5 7,7 7,2 17,3
2019 6,8 7,3 6,2 17,7
2020 7,7 8,1 7,4 21,0
2021 7,7 8,2 7,1 17,1
2022 6,8 7,1 6,4 14,2

Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes

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* preliminary data

Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector

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* preliminary data

Total earnings by employer sector, 2021

Employer sector Median of total earnings, €/month Full-time employees
Total Men Women
Private sector 3 400 3 660 3 061 1 016 984
Local government 3 022 3 408 2 959 365 399
Central government 3 947 4 261 3 535 70 617
Total 3 315 3 664 3 034 1 453 000

Total earnings by level of education and age, 2021

Full-time employees

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Total earnings by occupation, 2021

Category of occupation Median of total earnings, €/month Full-time employees
Total Men Women
Managers 6 963 7 519 5 947 53 808
Managing directors and chief executives 11 000 11 727 8 928 2 706
Professionals 4 246 4 626 3 956 414 269

 

Medical doctors 7 647 7 988 7 452 12 709
Primary school and early childhood teachers 3 149 3 742 3 080 42 678
Technicians and associate professionals 3 359 3 837 3 102 336 905
Nursing and midwifery associate professionals 3 192 3 487 3 160 55 441
Sales and purchasing agents and brokers 4 126 4 493 3 730 41 769
Clerical support workers 2 826 2 958 2 794 90 363
Numerical clerks 2 889 2 961 2 882 16 337
Service and sales workers 2 577 2 779 2 519 224 978
Shop salespersons 2 614 2 894 2 500 49 250
Child care workers and teachers' aides 2 313 2 238 2 317 35 025
Personal care workers in health services 2 769 2 829 2 763 72 307
Craft and related trades workers 3 155 3 200 2 738 114 195
Plant and machine operators, and assemblers 3 145 3 245 2 740 110 716
Heavy truck and bus drivers 3 166 3 179 2 955 27 709
Cleaners and helpers 2 132 2 098 2 135 38 258

Income and taxes in state taxation, 2021

Individual taxpayers and death estates

Income bracket, € Income recipients, thousand Income subject to taxation, € million Taxes och charges, € million
– 9 999 1 351 12 197 851
10 000–19 999 875 16 942 2 307
20 000–29 999 877 26 122 4 149
30 000–39 999 696 27 778 5 459
40 000–49 999 403 20 303 4 750
50 000–59 999 217 13 310 3 479
60 000–69 999 122 8 790 2 475
70 000–79 999 73 6 052 1 794
80 000–89 999 46 4 254 1 317
90 000–99 999 30 3 105 1 005
100 000–149 999 59 7 687 2 672
150 000– 34 12 801 4 719
Total 4 782 159 341 34 978

Source: Tax Administration

Data in Excel format (xlsx)

Updated: 29.3.2023

At-risk-of-poverty

Persons at-risk-of-poverty are those whose household’s disposable monetary income per consumption unit is below  60% of the median income of all households

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1) Long-term low-income earners are those who have belonged to low-income households in two years within the three previous years.

Financial assets of households

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Households' withdrawals of new housing loans

New housing loans withdrawn from Finnish financial institutions

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Source: Bank of Finland

Data in Excel format (xlsx)

Updated: 8.5.2023

Household consumption expenditure

  1980 1990 2000 2010 2021*
%        
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 18,6 18,3 24,5 25,8 30,0
Food and non-alcoholic beverages 21,3 16,3 12,6 12,1 12,2
Transport 14,4 14,5 13,2 12,3 10,8
Recreation and culture 10,2 11,2 11,3 11,9 9,1
Restaurants and hotels 6,4 7,7 6,4 6,3 5,3
Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance 6,1 5,4 4,8 5,3 5,1
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics 6,3 6,6 5,8 5,1 5,1
Health 2,1 2,9 3,8 4,4 5,1
Clothing and footwear 6,1 5,6 4,6 4,8 3,6
Communication 1,1 1,4 3,1 2,5 2,4
Education 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,4
Miscellaneous goods and services 7,2 9,8 9,4 9,1 10,9
Total 100 100 100 100 100

* preliminary data

Commuting

Year Commuters to the area Persons working in their municipality of residence
Total % Total %
1990 509 861 21,9 1 822 421 78,1
2000 610 938 27,4 1 617 619 72,6
2010 751 778 32,3 1 573 901 67,7
2011 771 068 32,7 1 583 354 67,3
2012 769 825 32,9 1 570 079 67,1
2013 760 460 33,0 1 541 291 67,0
2014 756 159 33,3 1 517 917 66,7
2015 758 240 33,6 1 498 219 66,4
2016 775 239 34,1 1 500 440 65,9
2017 805 269 34,6 1 522 461 65,4
2018 825 287 34,8 1 548 381 65,2
2019 825 109 34,8 1 548 417 65,2
2020 801 967 35,1 1 482 706 64,9
2021 847 509 35,7 1 529 617 64,3

Regional division as on 1 January 2023

Main topic: Work, Wages and Livelihood

 

More statistical figures in the StatFin database

Finland in Figures only includes the key figures on Finland and Finns. You can find more figures on various sectors of society in the easy-to-use StatFin database.

The database also provides regional data, such as the population of municipalities.

Last updated 24 Nov 2023